1) Do we need to remember the codons? like aug.
2) Some companoies have engineered crop plants such that these plants produce seeds that cannot germinate. This means farmers have to buy special seeds from these companies every year.
I dont get the link. why do you want seeds tat cant germinate?
3) What do you call the plasmid which contains the DNA fragment. meaning the gene is already joint to the cut plasmid. What is the whole thing called?
4)lLets revise the single cell layers?
The endothelium is the thin layer of cells that line the interior surface of blood vessels, forming an interface between circulating blood in the lumen and the rest of the vessel wall.
Epithelial tissues/ epithelium(the layer) shld be lining on villi.
Epidermis is the layer of cells on surface of plant.
1) Yea, we need to remember certain codons. AUG is the initiation signal, which is located 7 nucleotides away from the finder sequence which is usually AGGA. It's also good to keep in mind that the stop codons are UAG, UGA and UAA.
2) I'm not very sure about this. But I supposed if Company A sells plants which produce seeds that cannot germinate, then whenever the farmers need to grow these plants, they will have to purchase new seeds from Company A each time instead of getting the seeds from the plants they have grown, since those seeds which the plants produce will not be able to germinate in the end. Hence, Company A can increase its income as the farmers will come to them for the seeds each time they need to grow the plants.
3) It's called a recombinant plasmid, if I'm not wrong and if you are referring to the plasmid which has been cut, inserted with the gene of interest and ligated.
Jiayou jiayou! =)
3) It's called a recombinant plasmid, if I'm not wrong and if you are referring to the plasmid which has been cut, inserted with the gene of interest and ligated.
This is indeed what i was refering to. Thanks. I am O level candidate. XD
Oh seriously? Hey when I was taking O levels 2 years ago, I didn't learn codons eh! Hahaha! Omg, now so much things to learn for O levels?
lol yeah. new generations seem to be cleverer than the previous ones. We are learning university math too. geometrical proof and diff/integration.
Btw my primary school teacher say it is because of the injections in chickens and eggs that we consume- holozoic nutrition. XD
About GM seeds....is more like Geog than Bio
hm, i thought all along diff/integration and geometrical proof are already in the O levels syllabus? i used to learn them for O levels too. don't think there's much difference in the maths syllabus. but the O levels biology syllabus seems to be more inclined towards molecular biology now, which is good in a way, so that you guys will be more familiar with jc biology topics in future. =)
i see i see. genetic engineering has great potential. Geometrical proof was never in the O syllabus since ancient times. My math teacher also said he had to relearn the topic.
1) Do we need to remember the codons? like aug.
NO.
2) Some companoies have engineered crop plants such that these plants produce seeds that cannot germinate. This means farmers have to buy special seeds from these companies every year.
I dont get the link. why do you want seeds tat cant germinate?
Sterile seeds --> farmers cannot collect seeds from matured fertilised plants --> buy seeds from biotech co. --> co. earn money
Or if you mean why farmers want buy these seeds, because
high yield --> more surplus --> more sales --> more money / food stability due to stockpiles (MAIN, LINK EVERYTHING HERE)
more resistant to pests / insecticides / whatever-cides
shorter, less easily uprooted by wind
faster harvests
more adaptable to climatic changes / unfavourable relief, climate, temperature, water
WHATEVER THAT MAKES SENSE. I typed the above off my head too. Using common sense.
I shall be a nice guy now. in case they ask disadvantage (if it really comes out you owe me... hmm... lol jkjk :D :P)
Poor farmers --> no money buy seeds for replanting --> hence failed in eradicating poverty, which is the main aim of GM food in the first place.
Biotech co. hold patents to seeds (as in copyright) --> no choice but to buy from biotech co. if not face the compensations!!! --> link same as above
Need examples ya. Monsanto, Aventis, you know the rules.
3) What do you call the plasmid which contains the DNA fragment. meaning the gene is already joint to the cut plasmid. What is the whole thing called?
.
it basically means to read your geography elective textbook lol....and in any case no nid know codons juz know they are there and got stop codons
1. what is the difference between codominance and discontinuous variation?
2. whats the difference between fusion and fertilisation
3. Is there XX chromosomes in female egg or X chromosome?
Originally posted by davidche:1. what is the difference between codominance and discontinuous variation?
2. whats the difference between fusion and fertilisation
3. Is there XX chromosomes in female egg or X chromosome?
1. Codominence --> two dominant allele express themselves in a phenotype (aka a hybrid) whereby both dominant alleles are found in the genotype (i suck at expressions, sorry)
Discontinuous variation --> distinct, alternative phenotypes with no intermediates (easily distinguishable, clear-cut phenotypes).
2. Fusion --> what do you mean? if you mean what i typed below, then no diff.
Fertilisation --> fusion of haploid male and female gametes to form a diploid zygote (must memorise).
3. X
Originally posted by Bladermax:it basically means to read your geography elective textbook lol....and in any case no nid know codons juz know they are there and got stop codons
Yes, you MUST read your geog tb for examples.
thanks garrick for the answers.